收入、就业、婚姻…你的幸福感来源已被“社会心态蓝皮书”收录

感觉心态有点崩？

你不是一个人在崩。公众心理健康早就被学界划重点了。

12月26日，中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会心理学研究中心及社会科学文献出版社共同发布了《社会心态蓝皮书：中国社会心态研究报告（2019）》，从多维度解析我国民众心态。

其中，最受关注的几项调研结果包括压力感来源、婚姻幸福感、信息安全等等。

 收入和就业是影响幸福感的两个最重要的压力来源 

蓝皮书指出，从压力感对不同分级城市主观幸福感的影响情况来看，压力感主要集中于收入、交通、社会关系、婚姻或恋爱、工作或学业、就业、物价，但每个分级城市在压力感对主观幸福感的影响方面除有共性外，也有着自身特性。

就共性来说，除五线及以下城市外，收入均位居分级城市影响主观幸福感的最重要压力因素。除五线及以下城市外，就业成为影响主观幸福感另一个重要的压力因素。因此要切实提高居民的美好生活体验，还需要从提高居民收入、增加居民就业入手。

Income and employment are two leading stress factors that could affect one’s happiness in urban areas, according to the Annual Report on Social Mentality of China 2019 released by the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences Thursday. To help increase citizens’ happiness, the government should pitch in with efforts to raise income and create more jobs. 

Other stressors include commuting, social relationships, marriage or romantic relationships, career or education, and commodity prices.

网友评论：有得必有失，得到钱的同时，必然会失去很多烦恼。

 男性婚姻满意度高于女性 

蓝皮书调研发现，我国民众婚姻满意度存在显著性别差异，总体表现为男性高于女性；相比50岁以下的男性，50岁以上男性的婚姻满意度更高。新一线城市与三线城市的婚姻满意度最高，一线城市的婚姻满意度最低。

社会经济地位因素与婚姻满意度总体呈现正向关系。重视家庭的价值观正向影响婚姻满意度；看重物质追求的价值观负向影响婚姻满意度。

家庭收入水平与婚姻满意度之间密切相关。明显的趋势表现为，随着家庭收入水平的提高，婚姻满意度也在增加。不过，家庭收入达到中高及以上水平的群体，婚姻满意度不再提升。

另外，低、中低和中等家庭收入群体中，女性的婚姻满意度均低于男性；但随着家庭收入的提高，婚姻满意度的性别差距也在缩小；在中高和高家庭收入人群中，婚姻满意度不再表现出性别差异。

Chinese men, especially those over the age of 50, are more satisfied with their marriages than their female counterparts, according to the report. And people living in first-tier cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen were the least happy in their marriage life. 

The report concluded that a person's social and economic status and emphasis on family values contributed positively to a satisfactory marriage life while the pursuit of material goods negatively affected it.

网友评论：如果男人生孩子，我估计女人婚后满意度会跟火箭一样直线上升。

 女性心理健康好于男性 

调查显示，从性别方面，中国女性心理健康水平好于男性，女性更能适应环境、更在意自我发展、更能感受亲密关系的和谐，更明确人生目标。

从地域和经济发展角度来看，东北地区心理健康状况较好，一线城市和三线城市个体的心理健康状况较好。年龄段方面，70后和80后心理健康消极方面得分较高，90后心态最为积极。

The blue book shows that female respondents reported higher mental health levels than male respondents, indicating that women adapt better to their surroundings and have more harmonious intimate relationships. It also implies that women pay more attention to self-development and setting a clear life goal.

The study also found that respondents from China’s northeastern region and the country’s first and third tier cities showed good mental health overall. When it comes to age groups, those born in the 1990s reported the most positive mentality.

网友评论：来自东北生活在杭州的90后女性，管他生活如何，心态棒呆。

 超九成民众对个人信息安全表示担忧 

报告还指出，民众对个人隐私和信息的安全观念逐渐增强，参与调查的民众中超九成对个人信息安全表示担忧。

近年来，5G、人工智能、物联网蓬勃兴起，人们在享受技术带来的便利时，越来越多的个人信息被收集，隐私风险随之提升。蓝皮书调查显示，民众对第三方将个人信息和活动记录保存表示担忧，这一比例平均超九成。在第三方的划分中，民众对“政府机构”“户籍管理部门”“银行”这些具有较高社会信用的组织和机构比较信任，最不信任“中介机构”。

针对民众对个人隐私和信息安全担忧的原因，蓝皮书给出两方面解释。一方面，可能是层出不穷的隐私和个人信息安全事件引发民众担忧；另一方面，国内对于个人信息保护的法律和机制尚不健全。

More than 90 percent of respondents expressed concerns over their privacy and the use of their personal information in the era of big data, the report says. 

As social media and artificial intelligence bring unprecedented convenience, a seemingly unstoppable encroachment on people’s personal privacy is also on the way. 

The report reveals the public’s worry about the potential loss of privacy in cases where one’s personal information and online tracks are handed to a third-party, with intermediary agencies being the least trusted. On the other hand, the public most trust organizations and institutions such as government agencies, household registration department and the banks on preserving their information.

The blue book explained that the increase in data breaches as well as lack of proper privacy protection laws are the main reasons for people’s concerns. 

网友评论：手机权限不能强制打开。不能强制获取手机的位置，个人隐私必须得到保护。谢谢！ 

话说回来，你觉得自己的心态怎么样？

什么是影响你心态最重要的因素呢？

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